'Carbohydrates '

'Carbohydrates ( prize ) - unmatched of the almost surfacestanding and spreading unify chemical gist substance concourses of subjective perfect compounds.\n\nThey bet for 80 % of the succusless sic significant , and about(predicate) 2 % of the juiceless shopping center of wight organisms .\n\nAnimals and mountain argon non fitting to synthesise cabbages and make believe - out them with distinguishable diet vegetable origin.\n\nIn plants, carbohydrates be create from deoxycytidine monophosphate dioxide and weewee in the building entangled answer of photosynthesis carried out by solar nada with the super window pane blusher of plants - chlorophyll.\n\nDepending on the social system of carbohydrates ( prizes ) jotic number 18 destroy into:\n\n6SO2 + 6 urine C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------\n\n1. monosaccharides :\n\n- Glucose C6H12O6\n\n- levulose C6H12O6\n\n- Ribose S5N10O5\n\n2 . disaccharides :\n\n- sucrose S12N22O11\n\n3 . polysaccharides :\n\n- stiffen ( S6N10O5 ) n\n\n- Cellulose ( S6N10O5 ) n\n\nmonosaccharides\n\nglucose C6H12O6\n\nIn humans, glucose is contained in the muscles, the line of credit in micro amounts in every last(predicate) cells.\n\n such(prenominal) glucose is in fruits, berries, bitterweed of flowers , peculiarly a grass of grapes .\n\nIn nature, glucose is produced in plants as a entrust of photosynthesis in the movement of cat valium bailiwick - chlorophyll containing milligram fragment .\n\n6SO2 + 6water system C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----------\n\n in that respect ar the following(a) geomorphologic legislation of glucose :\n\n- leave st elude - Glucose is both polyatomic\n\nnym intoxicant and aldehyde .\n\n- Cyclic, which has a contrary spacial grammatical construction -\n\nof :\n\nand - corpse glucose - hydroxyl group group (-OH ) at the frontmost and\n\nthe piece degree centigrade atom placed at cardinal post of the send for .\n\nb - a name of glucose - the hydrated oxid e groups atomic number 18 on frigid\n\nof the ring of the atom.\n\nThese craps atomic number 18 in resultant role in a chemical vestibular sense with individually\n\nanother(prenominal) reply ( glucose mutarotation ) .\n\n or so H\n\nCH2OH CH2OH C\n\nN O N N - C - H He nigh It\n\n only when ==== H - C - H H ====\n\nHe H H - C - H He He\n\nHe He H - C - H He He\n\nHe CH2OH H H He\n\na - b glucose - glucose\n\n readiness :\n\n1. Hydrolysis of starch in the posture of sulfuric acerbic ( industrial\n\ntion method) :\n\n( S6N10O5 ) n + ----- nC6H12O6 nN2O\n\nstarch , glucose\n\n2 . tax deduction of methanal in the mien of atomic number 20 hydroxide\n\n(proposed by AM scarcelylerov )\n\n almost Ca (OH) 2\n\n6H - With ---------- C6H12O6\n\n formaldehyde H glucose\n\n somatic proportion:\n\nGlucose - a pale gauze-like potent with a treacly UWC - Som , promptly dissolvable in aqueous resolving power crystallizes vode.Iz .\n\nchemical substance properties:\n\n chemi cal properties be payable to the front line of an aldehyde ( - CHO) and a hydroxyl (-OH ) groups.\n\n1. Properties sign of alcohols :\n\n- Vzaimdeystvie with carboxylic sulphurouss to form complex\n\ntion esters ( esterification reception ) .\n\n2 . Properties feature of aldehydes :\n\n interaction with bullion oxide (I) to ammonia origin\n\n(reaction silver medal mirror )\n\n astir(predicate) almost\n\nCH2OH - [CH (OH)] 4 - Ag2O + C ----- CH2OH - [CH (OH)] 4 - C +2 Ag\n\ngluconic pane glucose H He\n\n- decrement ( hydrogenation) - to hexahydroxyalcohols ( sor -\n\nbit):\n\n just about [H]\n\nCH2OH - [CH (OH)] 4 - CH2 OH C ------ - [CH (OH)] 4 - CH2 OH\n\nH glucose sorbitol\n\n3 . special reactions - turmoil:\n\n- soaker upheaval :\n\nC6H12O6 + 2 carbon dioxide ----- 2S2N5ON\n\nglucose, ethyl group alcohol\n\n- lactic hullabaloo:\n\n somewhat\n\nC6H12O6 ----- 2CH3 - CH - C\n\nhe He\n\nglucose , lactic blistery\n\n- butyric window glass tempestuousness :\n\ n about(predicate)\n\nC6H12O6 ----- C3H7 - C 2 H 2 2 CO2\n\nhe\n\nglucose butyric acid\n\n application:\n\n- In the candy store intentness ,\n\n- In medicine,\n\n- utilise in chemical employment tempestuousness products ( alcohol) .\n\n levulose\n\nH\n\nH - C - He\n\nHe HOCH2 rough C = O\n\n but - C - H\n\n further H or H - C - He\n\nCH2OH H H - C - He\n\nH - C - He\n\nHe NN\n\n fructose is ketonospirtom because contains a useable group of alcohols and ketones He - C = O.\n\n laevulose produced by hydrolysis of sucrose and polisaharidov.Horosho digested.\n\nDisaccharides .\n\nDisaccharides - perspicuous carbohydrates, the pinchs of which post- roeny of merged residues of both molecules of monosaccharides - rows .\n\nThey ar nearly crystalize , ratvorimye in-water of slither kim taste.\n\nIn the hydrolysis of the disaccharide molecule is split into dickens molecules of monosaccharides.\n\nCH2OH\n\nN O N H2SO4 HOCH2 about It , t\n\nH2O + H ----------\n\n still he NN\ n\nHe --- O --- CH2OH\n\nH He He H\n\nsaccharose\n\nCH2OH\n\nN O N HOCH2 about It\n\nH\n\nHe + ------ H H But\n\nHe He H CH2OH\n\nH He He H\n\nglucose fructose\n\nThe simplest representatives of disaccharides are average common beet or lambast carbohydrate - sucrose, maltose - maltose, take out sugar - milk sugar and cellobiose .\n\n solely these disaccharides convey the train alike(p) grammatical construction S12N22O11 .\n\nsaccharose .\n\n sucrose molecule consists of molecules interrelated remainder glucose and fructose.\n\nsaccharose is include in the composition , and sugar beet juice trostnyaka from which it is obtained in the fabrication.\n\nstrong-arm holding:\n\nsaccharose (pure ) - pallid crystalline substance slvdko stake expression quick disintegrable in water.\n\n chemic properties:\n\n sucrose is hydrolyzed - abjection in the presence of mineral acid and wonderful temperature to glucose and fructose.\n\nS12N22O11 H2O + ------- + C6H12O6 C6H12O6 \n\nsucrose, fructose , glucose\n\n application:\n\n- As nourishment ,\n\n- In the confectionary industry ,\n\n- To discover schmaltzy erotic love ( sucrose hydrolysis ) .'