Article Review Reflexivity As A Methodology By Its...

GI402 Summative Essay Jayati Lal argues that ‘reflexivity [cannot be] an end in itself ’ and suggests that a ‘reflexive and self-critical methodological stance can become meaningful only when it engages in the politics of reality and intervenes in it in some significant way’ (1996: 207). Critically discuss. With the growth in discussion of power relation between researcher and researched, it is noticed that position of researcher is important to be involved in research process (Rich, 1986; Code, 1995; McCorkel Myers, 2003; Grenz, 2005). Reflexivity, then, is a epistemic methodology to evaluating researchers’ roles, researching method and outcomes. This article is aimed to discussing ‘Reflexivity’ as a methodology by its existing influence and so-far problems. Arguing the meanings of reflexive methodology for qualitative research, I will bring up different opinions of reflexivity compared to Jayati Lal’s statement. ç ¬ ¬Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¨ ¨Å½Ã¨ «â€"Ã¥  Ã¨ º «Ã¦â‚¬ § ï ¼  Ã¥  Ã¨ º «Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¨ «â€"〠Ã©â€¡ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥  ¯Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'(ç µ Ã¥ Ë†JayatiÃ¥  Ã¥ ° Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ ) Ã¥  Ã¨ º «Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'çŸ ¥Ã¨ ­ËœÃ£â‚¬ Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã¨â„¢â€¢Ã§ â€ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã¨ ­ËœÃ£â‚¬ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã©â€"“çš„å · ®Ã§â€¢ ° Reflexivity is the continual evaluation of relation between ‘knowledge’ and ‘the method of producing knowledge’ (Calà ¡s and Smircich, 1992). Its importance has been widely discussed due to the lack of awareness of researchers’ role in knowledge production. çŸ ¥Ã¨ ­ËœÃ§â€Å¸Ã§â€ ¢Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'〠Ã©â€¡ Ã¥Å'â€"ç  â€Ã§ © ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å' The purpose of traditional research has always been finding out the ‘truth’ and ‘objective’ knowledge of the world. It has then been critiqued that there are difference between objective reality/fact andShow MoreRelatedRethinking Project Management9242 Words   |  37 PagesWe conclude by summarizing the ï ¬ ndings from these studies and providing insights into the map ahead for future such research. In this kind of work the attention is refocused on praxis, on context-dependent judgement, on situational ethics and on reï ¬â€šexivity which enables social actors to see how power actually functions in context. Ó 2006 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved. Keywords: Actuality; Practice; Rationality; Project management 1. Introduction The aim of the paper is to formulateRead MoreAction Research in Supply Chain Management--a Framework for Relevant and Rigorous Research15465 Words   |  62 PagesPaulraj University of North Florida INTRODUCTION Scholars in the field of business management have frequently debated the relative importance of rigor and relevance in business research. 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Gender Differences and the Threat of Gender Stereotype in...

Gender differences in education is something of a common topic among educational studies since intensification in the 1970’s (Breakwell, 2003, p. 437). Gender differences among the subjects taught in school has been found to be somewhat more of a social construct rather than a concept that has any kind of scientific explanation because of the idea of gender differences being taken and changed into the idea of a gender stereotype in most parts of education (Crilly, 2013, p. 1). The most common stereotypes that play a role in the gender differences that can be found in education are the ideas that girls are pre-determined for the English Language Arts subject and boys are have more of a proclivity for the mathematical areas in education.†¦show more content†¦1151). Studies have even been found this to be true, but there are more recent studies that are beginning to report that skills related to science and even interest in science does not differ significantly between t he two genders (Bursal, 2013, p. 1151). In Bursal’s article he discusses different studies that were conducted globally on students to see if there was an achievement gap between the genders in the area of science (2013, p. 1152). He concludes that most of these studies on the academic achievement of the two genders had many major limitations because they were â€Å"one-shot research designs,† and there were different measurements used in the samples which allowed for more generalizations to be made, rather than actual measurements (Bursal, 2013, p. 1152). 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The Kill Uncle Tour free essay sample

I hope that many of you reading this review were at this concert, ibecause it was by far the best concert I have been to. Morrissey is more than just a great voice, hes a songwriter; a poet and a spokesperson for the times. Morrissey, whom many of you may know as the ex-frontman for The Smiths, hit Great Woods on the day before the fourth of July. If I counted correctly, he did sixteen songs from his strong solo albums Bona Drag and Kill Uncle, to a B-side or two. Some highlights were: Thats Entertainment, in which his surprisingly good band performed an exciting accelerando, Sing Your Life, which had an amazing big band sound due to the use of a real double bass, and the opening song, Interesting Drug. This concert never lagged, it was nonstop fun. Unfortunately, during the encore, security failed and at least a dozen people stormed the stage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kill Uncle Tour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Im not quite sure what happened, but someone had to help Morrissey offstage with his face in his hands during Suede-head, his last song. Shame on us Massachusetts audience members! Hes never been here before and I wouldnt be surprised if he never comes back! Opening act Melissa Ferrick was very strong, although the advertised opener, Phranc, did not perform. In Morrisseys words: Others sang your life, now heres your chance to shine, and have the pleasure of saying what you mean, the the rare pleasure of meaning what you sing. I felt lucky for having had the rare pleasure of enjoying what he sang. n

Marketing Management Essays - Economy, Business, Marketing

Marketing Management "Marketing ideas have made singularly little penetration into the centres of influence of the construction industry. To some extent this follows from the character of the industry as an agglomeration of service organisations, not without structural relationship to one another, but serving a clientele from which individuals seek service very infrequently." (Jepson & Nicholson, 1972: p.1) Although times have and are changing the above statement despite being written over twenty five years ago is still to some extent very true. The subject of this assignment is a construction firm that has recently designed and implemented a marketing management strategy. The objective of this assignment is fourfold, firstly the company's approach to marketing management will be documented this will then be related to marketing management theory Then by analysing data collected through research the effectiveness of the strategy will be discussed. Finally using marketing management theory as a foundation recommendations will be made to identify where the initial strategy could be improved in order to promote future business development and success, in line with the strategic mission of the company. The organisation in question has strong foundations, since it's incorporation in the mid fifties turnover has grown in line with inflation. In 1984 the Company was purchased by the son of the original managing director, he took up the role of new managing director. By the beginning of the 1990's it became apparent that the company had reached a stage where it was no longer a small "hands-on" enterprise. The level of turnover and number of employees had increased at such a rate that the organisation now employed a sizeable management team. All with an experienced technical background in the fields of surveying, estimating or site management and who had either progressed through the ranks of this firm or other organisations of a similar size and nature. The company was at the time of the initial implementation of this initiative inexperienced in marketing management and strategy. However, the senior personnel realised the company had reached a stage where future business growth wasn't just going to come from hard work, doing the job well and relying on a good reputation. The view was taken that it was necessary to pursue new ventures to bring about growth and development. The Company has a large contracting portfolio with contracts completed for public and private clients in the commercial and industrial sectors. Appendix A shows the diversification with the selection of recently completed projects and list the clients for whom work has been carried out. The reason for a firm of this size carrying out such a wide range of activities is largely based on the belief that in such a competitive industry as construction it has been necessary to take on whatever type of work was available in order to maintain a consistent order book. In developing the company's marketing management strategy numerous workshops were held, attending these were the company directors and two senior managers. Information on the company was gained from interviews with the persons attending these workshops. There are many reasons for running a business, this company wanted to be clear on why it wanted to improve or introduce the marketing effort so that appropriate goals can be set. The aim of wanting to grow the business by increasing sales while at the same time sustaining the level of profit margin is the underlying factor in this case. Turnover could be increased very easily as most of the work is procured on an invitation to tender basis where the deciding factor is almost always price, however, "buying in" work will not necessary have a long term positive effect. The secondary objective was to secure profitable business relationships. These objectives are reflected in the mission statement in the appendix B. The development of the mission statement was the start of the company's marketing management initiative. The company's overall objective in the eye's of the leaders was defined. It was thought the development of a mission statement would provide the foundation needed. Perhaps the implementation of a mission statement doesn't have a direct link to the theory of marketing management however it's place in the overall field of strategy is illustrated below. "A firm's mission is top management's view of what the organisation seeks to do and become over the long term. Expressed in the form of a mission statement it provides a publicly available summary of the long term goals of a firm's top managers." (Barney, 1997: p.10) After the preliminary stage it was decided that careful and critical examination of the company